Development of a multifunctional needle for percutaneous heart biopsy and cell therapy. a technical note

Abstract Validation of transendocardial injection as a method for delivering therapeutic agents to the diseased heart is increasing. Puncture heart biopsies should re-emerge as a possible alternative method to allow access to the myocardium and implantable biomaterial for cell therapy. Therefore, this work aims to present a percutaneous puncture device for biopsy and intramyocardial biomaterial injection, standardize the technique and attest to the safety of the method. The adaptation consists of creating myocardial microlesions that allow for better fixation of stem cells. The objective of this technical note covers only the development of the needle and the histological quality of the biopsies. It has not been used in humans yet.

Mesotelioma pleural benigno: apresentação de um caso singular / Benign pleural mesothelioma: presentation of a singular case

Os autores relatam um caso de mesotelioma pleural benigno. São abordados aspectos histológicos, etiopatogênicos, genéticos, epidemiológicos e clínicos, bem como a casuística estudada, a terapêutica instituída e o segmento obtido. Abordam os critérios para o diagnóstico, resultante da somação de vários fatores, dando ênfase ao quadro clínico compatível, confirmação histopatológica, imuno-histopatológicos compatíveis com resposta positiva clínico-radiográfica e eficaz após a cirurgia proposta.

Cases of benign mesothelioma of the pleura are reported by authors. Histological, etiopathogenic, genetic, epidemiological and clinical aspects are approached as well the casuistry that was studied, established therapy and the acquired segment. It approaches the criteria for diagnosis resulted from many factors emphasizing compatible clinical condition, histopathological confirmation, compatible immuno-histopathology, effective and positive clinical radiography answer after the proposed surgery.

Rendimiento de la biopsia por aspirado en el diagnóstico del carcinoma de endometrio / Performance of aspirate biopsy in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma

OBJETIVO: Analizar la concordancia histológica pre y postoperatoria del cáncer de endometrio (CE) diagnosticado por cánula de biopsia tipo Cornier. MÉTODOS: Se incluyen 82 pacientes sometidas a biopsia ambulatoria a ciegas por aspirado con diagnóstico anatomo-patológico final de CE en la pieza de histerectomía. Se estudia la concordancia atendiendo al tipo y al grado histológico haciendo dos grupos para cada análisis: CE endometrioide/no endometrioide y Ce de bajo/alto grado. RESULTADOS: La sensibilidad de la biopsia para detectar malignidad fue del 100%. El grado de concordancia atendiendo al tipo histológico fue de 94% (96,7% para los tipo endometrioide y del 85% para los tipos no endometrioides). En cuanto al grado histológico la precisión en el diagnóstico fue del 90,2% (94,3% en los tumores de bajo grado y 82,7% en los de alto grado) con una tasa de subestimación del grado tumoral del 6%. CONCLUSIONES: La biopsia por aspiración con cánula tipo Cornier detecta adecuadamente el CE y la concordancia entre la biopsia preoperatoria y la pieza quirúrgica es alta, por lo que puede considerarse una técnica fiable en el diagnóstico del cáncer de endometrio y precisa en la valoración del grado y tipo histológicos. El grupo más discordante es el CE G3 de tipo endometrioide.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze pre and post operative histological concordance of endometrial cancer (EC) diagnosed by Cornier biopsy cannula. METHODS: 82 patients under going out patient biopsy aspirate blindly with EC in the hysterectomy specimen. We study the type and histological grade accuracy by two groups for each analysis: EC endometrioid/non-endometrioid and low/high grade. RESULTS: The sensitivity for detecting malignancy was 100%. The histological type agreement was 94% (96.7% for the endometrioid type and 85% for non-endometrioid type). The histological grade accuracy was 90.2% (94.3% in low-grade tumors and 82.7% in high grade) with a rate of under estimation of tumor grade of 6%. CONCLUSIONS: Cornier aspiration biopsy is safe in the diagnosis of EC. Grade and histological type accuracy between preoperative biopsy and surgical specimen is high. The most discordant is EC G3 endometrioid type.

CT-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy of Intrathoracic Lesions

Percutaneous CT-guided needle biopsy of mediastinal and pulmonary lesions is a minimally invasive approach for obtaining tissue for histopathological examination. Although it is a widely accepted procedure with relatively few complications, precise planning and detailed knowledge of various aspects of the biopsy procedure is mandatory to avert complications. In this pictorial review, we reviewed important anatomical approaches, technical aspects of the procedure, and its associated complications.

Reducing infectious complications after transrectal prostate needle biopsy using a disposable needle guide: is it possible?

PURPOSE: To investigate whether the use of a disposable needle guide results in a decreased incidence of infectious complication after transrectal prostate needle biopsy (TPNB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty five patients who underwent 10-core TPNB were randomized into two groups. A pre-biopsy blood and urine examination was performed in both groups. Group 1 (25 patients) underwent biopsy with disposable biopsy needle guide and Group 2 (30 patients) underwent biopsy with reusable biopsy needle guide. All patients had a blood and negative urine culture before the procedure. The patients received ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice a day beginning the day before the biopsy and continued for 3 days after. Serum C-reactive protein levels and urine and blood specimens were obtained 48h after the biopsy. Primary endpoint of the study was to determine the effect of needle guide on the bacteriologic urinary tract infection (UTI) rate and secondary end point was to determine symptomatic UTI. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 63.46 (range 55 to 68) years. There were no significant differences regarding the prostate-specific antigen level, prostate size, existence of comorbidity in two groups before the procedure. Bacteriologic and symptomatic UTI was detected in 4 percent vs. 6.6 percent and 4 percent vs. 3.9 percent in Group 1 and 2 relatively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of a disposable needle guide does not appear to minimize infection risk after TPNB. Large scale and randomized studies are necessary to determine the effect of disposable needle guide on infection rate after TPNB.

Biópsia mamária realizada pela técnica de biópsia helicoide: estudo experimental / Breast biopsy performed by the helicoid biopsy technique: an experimental study

OBJETIVO: avaliar o desempenho da biópsia helicoide na realização de biópsias mamárias. MÉTODOS: foi selecionado aleatoriamente uma amostra composta de 30 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama submetidas à mastectomia. Foram excluídas as mulheres portadoras de tumor que tivessem consistência pétrea, não-palpável, com manipulação cirúrgica prévia ou que contivesse líquido. Utilizando-se o kit de biópsia helicoide e um equipamento de core biopsy com cânula e agulha de 14 gauge, respectivamente, coletou-se um fragmento por equipamento em área sã e nos tumores, em cada peça cirúrgica, totalizando 120 fragmentos para estudo histológico. Para a análise dos dados, definiu-se um nível de confiança de 95 por cento e utilizou-se o software SPSS, versão 13; o índice de concordância Kappa e o teste paramétrico t de Student. RESULTADOS: a média das idades das pacientes foi de 51,6 anos (±11,1 anos). A core biopsy apresentou sensibilidade de 93,3 por cento, especificidade de 100 por cento e acurácia de 96,7 por cento, enquanto a biópsia helicoide teve sensibilidade de 96,7 por cento, especificidade de 100 por cento e acurácia de 98,3 por cento. Na comparação entre a histologia dos tumores e dos fragmentos de biópsias, houve alto grau de concordância nos diagnósticos (Kappa igual a 0,9, com p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: ambos os equipamentos proporcionaram o diagnóstico histológico das lesões com alta acurácia. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que a biópsia helicoide é uma alternativa confiável no diagnostico pré-operatório de lesões mamárias.

PURPOSE: to assess the helicoid biopsy performance when carrying out breast biopsies. METHODS: thirty patients with breast cancer submitted to mastectomy were selected at random. Women with a tumor of petreous consistency, nonpalpable, submitted to previous surgical manipulation or containing fluid were excluded. The helicoid biopsy kit and a core biopsy device with a cannula and a 14-gauge-needle, respectively, were used to collect a fragment each from a healthy area and from the tumor of each surgical specimen, for a total of 120 fragments for histological study. Data were analyzed statistically by the parametric Student's t-test and by the Kappa concordance index at the 95 percent confidence level, using the SPSS software, version 13. RESULTS: the mean patient's age was 51.6 (±11.1) years old. The core biopsy showed 93.3 percent sensitivity, 100 percent specificity and 96.7 percent accuracy, and the helicoid biopsy showed 96.7 percent sensitivity, 100 percent specificity, and 98.3 percent accuracy. The comparison of tumor histology and biopsy fragments revealed a high degree of concordance in the diagnoses (Kappa equal to 0.9, with p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: both methods provided a highly accurate histological diagnosis of the lesions. The results of the present study demonstrate that the helicoid biopsy is a reliable alternative for the preoperative diagnosis of breast lesions.

Utilidad y complicaciones de la biopsia percutánea esplénica con aguja tru-cut guiada por imágenes / Ultrasound guided needle biopsy of the spleen: review of 13 procedures

Background: Needle biopsies of the spleen were avoided due to the fear of bleeding in a highly vascularized organ. However their safety, even using 18 gauge needles, has been demonstrated. Aim: To report the experience with ultrasound guided needle biopsies of the spleen. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of records of ultrasound guided biopsies of the spleen using Tru-cutTM needles, performed between 2005 and 2009. Results: Thirteen procedures performed in 12 patients were identified. A specific diagnosis was achieved in nine (69 percent) procedures (lymphoma in four, melanoma in 2, sarcoma in 1, extremedullary erythropoiesis in one and splenic cryptococcosis in one. Two patients with negative results were subjected to a new biopsy, which yielded the diagnosis of lymphoma. A third patient was studied elsewhere, finding a malignant tumor. Two patients had complications, one had a vagal reaction and other had a perisplenic hematoma without clinical repercussion. Conclusions: Ultrasound guided needle biopsy of the spleen is a safe and useful procedure.

Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia de biopsias percutáneas esplénicas con aguja tru-cut guiadas por imágenes. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de biopsias esplénicas con aguja tru-cut guiadas por ultrasonido (US) y tomografía computada (TC) realizadas en nuestro hospital desde Enero de 2005 a Abril de 2009. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 13 procedimientos. La biopsia percutánea logró un diagnóstico específico en 9 (69 por ciento) de las 13 intervenciones. Los diagnósticos fueron linfoma (n = 4), melanoma (n = 2), sarcoma (n = 1), hematopoyesis extramedular (n = 1) y criptococosis esplénica (n = 1). De las biopsias no diagnósticas 3 casos correspondieron a patología neoplásica y uno a patología benigna. Se reportaron 2 complicaciones (15 por ciento). Discusión: La biopsia esplénica percutánea guiada por imágenes con aguja tru-cut es un procedimiento útil y seguro, capaz de determinar el diagnóstico definitivo en la mayoría de los pacientes y evitar la mayoría de las esplenectomías diagnósticas.

Estudios percutáneos de mama: biopsia con aguja gruesa / Percutaneous studies of the breast: core needle biopsy

Técnica desarrollada con el objetivo de obtener una biopsia histológica de los nódulos de mama, que consta de una aguja biselada encamisada y un dispositivo disparador. Se detallan algunas indicaciones para su utilización, materiales necesarios, y entrenamiento.

Chorion biopsy in mongrel dogs / Biopsia do cório fetal em cães

With the great development of the gestational studies in all of the species, we noticed the necessity of adaptations of these techniques for prenatal diagnosis in dogs. Based on this, we studied the feasibility of chorion biopsy guided by ultrasound. Our results demonstrated accuracy on the sex determination being 2 males and 12 females, as well as it would be possible to identify chromosome alteration due to the quality of samplings. Sex determination was accomplished with the identification of Y gene chromosomes in PCR technique. After the collection, fragments were prepared for light microscopy studies and revealed fetal chorion tissue, blood colloid and erythrocyte. In the whole material we found hemosiderin impregnations due to the hemolysis and to the residue of blood of the placental marginal hematomes. The submitted female dogs to this technique demonstrated normal puppy births without death.

Com o grande desenvolvimento dos estudos gestacionais em todas as espécies, percebemos a necessidade de adaptarmos técnicas para diagnóstico pré-natal para cães. Assim, buscamos bases nas técnicas já existentes empregadas em humanos, e através destas, conseguimos estabelecer um método para coleta em cães, utilizando PCR para garantirmos a integridade das amostras. O procedimento foi realizado através de punção da cinta placentária com agulha de biopsia guiada por ultra-som. De todas as 14 amostras coletadas, duas apresentaram-se positivas para o cromossomo Y, presente apenas em machos, confirmando assim a viabilidade das amostras demonstrando com isso que através desta técnica podemos coletar material fetal para diagnóstico de alterações gênicas ou cromossômicas presentes nos cães antes mesmo destes virem a termo. A microscopia de material revelou fragmentos de cório fetal, colóide sangüíneo e eritrócitos. Em todo o material encontramos impregnações de hemosiderina devido à hemólise e ao resíduo de sangue dos hematomas marginais placentários. As cadelas submetidas a esta técnica tiveram partos normais sem óbito de nenhum filhote.

Transthoracic cutting needle biopsy: a valuable diagnostic procedure.

Intrathoracic mass lesions, especially peripherally situated masses, often present as a problem as tissue diagnosis is not always possible by cytopathological examination. Cutting needle biopsy may be the method of choice in selected cases for tissue diagnosis. Cutting needle biopsy is indicated for patients with peripherally situated mass lesions abutting chest wall, which are non-vascular and non-cystic in nature.

Estudio randomizado, controlado, doble ciego, comparando el uso topico de trinitrato de glicerina, el bloqueo nervioso periprostatico con lidocaina o ambos para la biopsia de prostata transrectal ecoguiada / Ramdomized, controlled, double blind study comparing topic use of glicerin trinitrate vs lidocaine periprostatic blockage for transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy

El bloqueo nervioso periprostático (BNPP) con lidocaína provee buena analgesia para la biopsia transrectal ecoguiada. Sin embargo la introducción del transductor se asocia a dolor significativo durante el procedimiento. El uso tópico de trinitrato de glicerina (NTG) podría proveer alivio adicional. Se evaluó la eficacia y tolerancia de la pasta de NTG tópica y de la combinación BNPP con lidocaína y NTG tópica, comparada con el BNPP de lidocaína. Materiales y Métodos: Entre Marzo de 2005 y Julio de 2006, 144 pacientes consecutivos referidos para una biopsia de próstata de próstata por primera vez fueron randomizados en tres grupos. Grupo 1: BNPP con lidocaína; Grupo 2: Pasta NTG al 0.2 por ciento tópica; Grupo 3: Combinación de BNPP con lidocaína y NTG. Los tratamientos tópicos fueron administrados 30 minutos previo a la biopsia. En todos los pacientes se tomaron 12 muestras. Cada participante completó una escala de dolor visual análoga de 10 puntos después de la introducción del transductor del ecógrafo y al finalizar el procedimiento. Resultados: El dolor de la biopsia fue significativamente menor en los pacientes que recibieron lidocaína sola o en combinación comparada con NTG sola (3.5 v/s 4,8, p<0,05). A su vez la combinación fue superior a lidocaína sola (p = 0.165). No hubo diferencias significativas en relación al dolor debido a la introducción del transductor. En el grupo NTG sola, ocho pacientes (5,6 por ciento) experimentaron cefalea y dos pacientes hipotensión sintomática. Conclusión: La pasta de NTG al 0.2 por ciento tópica es un método efectivo y bien tolerado para disminuir el dolor asociado a la biopsia de próstata ecoguiada. Es seguro y fácil de usar y debiera ser ofrecido a los pacientes que van a ser sometidos a este procedimiento.

Lidocaine periprostatic nervous blockage (LPNB) provides and adequate analgesia for transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy (TUPB). The placement of the rectal transductor is associated with important pain during the procedure. The topic use of Glicerin trinitrate (GN) could offer improved analgesia during TUPB. We aimed to evaluate analgesic efficacy of GN vs GN + LPNB in TUPB. Methods. Between March 2005 and July 2006, 144 consecutive patients received primary TUPB at our institution. Patients were randomly assigned to three different groups. Group 1: LPNB, Group 2: Topic GN, Group 3: GN + LPNB. Topic treatment were administered 30 minutes before the procedure. All patients received bi sextant biopsy and completed a 10 points analgesic visual scale after transductor placement and at the end of the procedure. Results. Pain sensation was significantly lower in patients in groups 1 and 3 vs group 2 (3.5 vs 4.8, p<0,05). Analgesia was also superior in group 3 vs group 1 (p=0.165). There were no significant differences in pain regarding dutransductor placement. In group 2, eight patients (5,6 percent) experienced cephalea and two other symptomatic hypotension. Conclusion. TG is an effective and well tolerated method for analgesia during TUPB. It is a safe and practical method that could be offered to patients undergoing TUPB.

A comparison between endoscopically middle meatal aspiration culture using modified aspiration instrument and direct maxillary antral tap culture in chronic rhinosinusitis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of endoscopically guided middle meatal aspiration culture by comparing the culture results between middle meatal aspiration using the modified aspiration instrument and direct maxillary antral tap. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sixteen patients with chronic rhinosinusitis underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were enrolled. Both endoscopically middle meatal aspiration culture (EMAC) using modified aspiration instrument and direct antral tap culture (ATC) were performed before FESS. Microbiologic data were compared and analyzed for any statistical differences between EMAC and ATC. RESULTS: The positive culture rates were 93.75% in both EMAC and ATC groups. Aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria were found in 87.5% of EMAC group and 81.25% of ATC group. The two most common bacteria in both groups were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. The association between EMAC and ATC was strong to moderate (13/16) 81.25%. CONCLUSION: EMAC appears to be a valuable alternative to ATC for guiding bacterial-specific therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis. This modified aspiration instrument should be useful in clinical practice and serve as a cost effective procedure.

Percutaneous renal biopsy by automated biospsy gun

To study the safety and efficacy of automated biopsy gun in obtaining the renal tissue by percutaneous renal biopsy. Design: Single centered prospective hospital based study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Unit II, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore for more than one year from January 2000 to February 2001. Subjects and Forty patients of either gender having clinical features of renal disease with overt proteinuria were included in the study. An informed consent was taken from patients. Patients were lied prone, local anaesthesia was given at lower pole of left kidney. Renal biopsy was performed under ultrasound guidance, using 18G spring loaded automated biopsy gun. Majority of patients, 28[70%], was male. The mean age was 26.9 years with range of 5-70 years. In 37 [97.5%] patients successful biopsy was done while there was its failure in 3 [7.5%] patients. The average core length of renal tissue obtained was Mean'SD [1.02'0.34] cm with a mean number of glomeruli per core Mean'SD [7.76'2.36] and histopathological diagnosis was made in all cases. Total number of attempts were 1-3. In 70% patients single attempt was done. No major complication related to the procedure was seen. Renal biopsy with automated biopsy gun is relatively safe and effective in establishing the diagnosis of renal diseases. Although renal biopsy can be done on outpatient basis, it is better to observe the patients for 24 hours post-operatively for any complication

Biopsias mamarias percutáneas bajo visión ecográfica con mammotome / Percutaneous breast biopsies under ultrasound guidence with mammotome

Se presenta resultado de 100 casos de biopsias percutáneas de mama; realizadas con Mammotome bajo guía de ultrasonido. Todas las pacientes tienen control a los 6 meses, un 85 por ciento de las lesiones biopsiadas eran no palpables; el motivo más frecuente fue un nódulo sólido. El 86 por ciento de las biopsias fueron benignas, 4 por ciento lesiones premalignas y un 10 por ciento lesiones malignas. En todos los casos premalignos y malignos el diagnóstico se confirmó en la biopsia quirúrgica. Hubo un caso de falso (-) que fue detectado en control de 6 meses y una nueva biopsia demostró un Ca; como complicación se observó hematoma leve en 3 por ciento

Examen de médula ósea: aspirado y biopsia / Medullar puncture: exam and medullar biopsy by aspiration

En el artículo se describe el examen de la médula ósea a través del aspirado por punción biopsica. Se definen ambos conceptos y se detallan los pasos de las respectivas técnicas, indicando los objetivos de las mismas

Biopsia estereotáxica mamaria: 826 casos, primera experiencia chilena / Stereotactic breast biopsy: 826 cases, first chilean experience

El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar el valor de la biopsia mamaria estereotóxica digital (BED) en el manejo de las lesiones no palpables de la mama. Desde enero de 1997 a enero del 2000, se realizaron 826 biopsias estereotáxicas en 741 pacientes. Todos los procedimientos fueron realizados por el mismo médico y analizados por un solo patólogo. En 463 pacientes, se utilizó una pistola de Manan de 2,2 cm, con aguja de 14 Gauge y un mínimo de 5 muestras o cores por lesión. En 363 casos, se utilizó el sistema Mamatome con aguja de 11 Gauge y un mínimo de 10 cores por lesión. Todas las lesiones dignosticadas con mamografía convensional eran consideradas para una biopsia radioquirúrgica o cirugía tradicional. Los resultados histológicos se clasificaron en lesiones benignas 82 por ciento, premalignas o alto riesgo 6 por ciento, carcinomas 11 por ciento y no concluyentes 1 por ciento. El procedimiento no tuvo complicaciones y no hubo falsos positivos. La biopsia esteroetáxica digital es un procedimiento seguro, confiable, ambulatorio y de menor costo que la cirugía tradicional (1,2,5)

Punción biopsia percutanea bajo control tomográfico y anatomopatológico: análisis retrospectivo de 86 casos / Percutaneous needle biopsy under tomographic and anatomo pathologic control: retrospective analysys of 86 cases

La biopsia pertutánea de lesiones superficiales o profundas bajo control tomográfico se ha desarrollado rápidamente en los últimos años. En este trabajo se analiza el rendimiento diagnóstico del método con asistencia del patólogo durante el acto de la biopsia. Se estudian retrospectivamente 86 casos. En 84 casos (97.6 por ciento) se obtuvo material apto para el diagnóstico. En tres casos (3.4 por ciento) se requirió la utilización de técnicas auxiliares (inmunohistoquímica) para alcanzar el diagnóstico definitivo de estirpe tumoral. La incidencia de complicaciones fue mínima (1.16 por ciento). Se concluye que el rendimiento del método es alto, con baja incidencia de complicaciones, evitando en muchos casos la realización de prácticas invasivas más complejas para llegar al diagnóstico de lesiones profundas

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de lesiones mamarias no palpables / Diagnosis and treatment of non-palpable mammary lesions

Introducción: el incremento en el uso de la mastografía, ha propiciado aumento en la identificación de lesiones mamarias no palpables. Algunas de éstas corresponden a carcinomas mamarios. Material y método: entre 1991 y 1997 se atendió en la Clínica Londres, a 54 mujeres con lesiones mamarias no palpables. Se colocó un arpón metálico bajo control mastográfico señalando la lesión mamaria. Posteriormente se efectuó biopsia excisional, guiándose por la aguja. En todos los casos se envió la pieza quirúrgica a estudio histológico. Resultados: se realizaron 63 localizaciones. Las imágenes mastográficas que motivaron la localización con arpón metálico y biopsia, fueron microcalcificaciones en 28 casos (44 por ciento), tumores sólidos en 28 (44 por ciento) e imágenes mixtas en seis (12 por ciento). Se encontraron carcinomas invasores en siete piezas quirúrgicas (11 por ciento), carcinoma in situ en cuatro (6 por ciento e hiperplasia ductal atípica en otros cuatro (6 por ciento) e hiperplasia ductal atípica en otros cuatro (6 por ciento). El resto correspondió a lesiones benignas. Se concluyó que la localización preoperatoria con arpón metálico y la biopsia excisional, es un método adecuado para diagnósticar lesiones mamarias no palpables. Requiere de un equipo multidisciplinario para su aprovechamiento óptimo